Sp Column 4 81 Crack Cocaine' title='Sp Column 4 81 Crack Cocaine' />Amphetamine contracted from alphamethylphenethylamine is a potent central nervous system CNS stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit. Sometimes you run across a column that is just so plainly stupid and written in bad faith that its hard to muster the indignation necessary to give it a proper. NathanDanneman11212013Slide39.png?revision=1' alt='Sp Column 4 81 Crack Cocaine' title='Sp Column 4 81 Crack Cocaine' />Amphetamine Wikipedia. Amphetamine. INN Amfetamine. Clinical data. Pronunciation  listenTrade names. Adderall, Adzenys XR ODT, Dyanavel XR, Evekeo, others. Synonyms methylphenethylamine. AHFSDrugs. comamphetamine. Pregnancycategory. US C Risk not ruled outDependenceliability. Physical none1Psychological moderate2Addictionliability. Moderate. Routes ofadministration. Medical oral, intravenous3Recreational oral, insufflation, rectal, intravenous, intramuscular. Drug class. CNSstimulant. ATC code. Legal status. Legal status. Pharmacokinetic data. Bioavailability. Oral 7. Protein binding. 154. Metabolism. CYP2. D6,4DBH,56FMO3578Metabolites. Onset of action. IR dosing 3. XR dosing 1. 52 hours1. Biological half life. D amph 91. 1 hours41. L amph 1. 11. 4 hours41. H dependent 73. Duration of action. IR dosing 36 hours21. XR dosing 81. 2 hours21. Excretion. Primarily renal p. H dependent range 17. Identifiers. CAS Number. Pub. Chem. CIDIUPHARBPSDrug. Bank. Chem. Spider. UNIIKEGGCh. EBICh. EMBLNIAID Chem. DBChemical and physical data. Formula. C9. H1. 3NMolar mass. D model JSmolChirality. Racemic mixture1. Density. 9. 36 gcm. C2. 0Melting point. C 5. 2. 3 F predicted2. Boiling point. 20. C 3. 97 F at 7. Hg2. In. Ch. I1. SC9. H1. Nc. 1 81. H,7,1. 0H2,1. H3 YKey KWTSXDURSIMDCE UHFFFAOYSA N Y  verifyAmphetaminenote 1 contracted from alpha methylphenethylamine is a potentcentral nervous system CNS stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD, narcolepsy, and obesity. Amphetamine was discovered in 1. Amphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemicfree base, which is equal parts of the two enantiomers, levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine, in their pure amine forms. The term is frequently used informally to refer to any combination of the enantiomers, or to either of them alone. Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. Amphetamine is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is a prescription drug in many countries, and unauthorized possession and distribution of amphetamine are often tightly controlled due to the significant health risks associated with recreational use. The first amphetamine pharmaceutical was Benzedrine, a brand which was used to treat a variety of conditions. Currently, pharmaceutical amphetamine is prescribed as racemic amphetamine, Adderall,note 3dextroamphetamine, or the inactive prodruglisdexamfetamine. Amphetamine, through activation of a trace amine receptor, increases monoamine and excitatory neurotransmitter activity in the brain, with its most pronounced effects targeting the catecholamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. At therapeutic doses, amphetamine causes emotional and cognitive effects such as euphoria, change in desire for sex, increased wakefulness, and improved cognitive control. It induces physical effects such as decreased reaction time, fatigue resistance, and increased muscle strength. Larger doses of amphetamine may impair cognitive function and induce rapid muscle breakdown. Cakewalk Studio Instruments 1.0 Serial. Drug addiction is a serious risk with large recreational doses but is unlikely to arise from typical long term medical use at therapeutic doses. Very high doses can result in psychosis e. Windows Xp Sp3 Jpn Iso. Recreational doses are generally much larger than prescribed therapeutic doses and carry a far greater risk of serious side effects. Amphetamine belongs to the phenethylamine class. It is also the parent compound of its own structural class, the substituted amphetamines,note 4 which includes prominent substances such as bupropion, cathinone, MDMA, and methamphetamine. As a member of the phenethylamine class, amphetamine is also chemically related to the naturally occurring trace amine neuromodulators, specifically phenethylamine and N methylphenethylamine, both of which are produced within the human body. Phenethylamine is the parent compound of amphetamine, while N methylphenethylamine is a positional isomer of amphetamine that differs only in the placement of the methyl group. Uses. Medical. Amphetamine is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD, narcolepsy a sleep disorder, and obesity, and is sometimes prescribed off label for its past medical indications, particularly for depression and chronic pain. Long term amphetamine exposure at sufficiently high doses in some animal species is known to produce abnormal dopamine system development or nerve damage,5. ADHD, pharmaceutical amphetamines appear to improve brain development and nerve growth. Reviews of magnetic resonance imaging MRI studies suggest that long term treatment with amphetamine decreases abnormalities in brain structure and function found in subjects with ADHD, and improves function in several parts of the brain, such as the right caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia. Reviews of clinical stimulant research have established the safety and effectiveness of long term continuous amphetamine use for the treatment of ADHD. Randomized controlled trials of continuous stimulant therapy for the treatment of ADHD spanning 2 years have demonstrated treatment effectiveness and safety. Two reviews have indicated that long term continuous stimulant therapy for ADHD is effective for reducing the core symptoms of ADHD i. One review highlighted a nine month randomized controlled trial in children with ADHD that found an average increase of 4. IQ points, continued increases in attention, and continued decreases in disruptive behaviors and hyperactivity. Another review indicated that, based upon the longest follow up studies conducted to date, lifetime stimulant therapy that begins during childhood is continuously effective for controlling ADHD symptoms and reduces the risk of developing a substance use disorder as an adult. Current models of ADHD suggest that it is associated with functional impairments in some of the brains neurotransmitter systems 5. Psychostimulants like methylphenidate and amphetamine are effective in treating ADHD because they increase neurotransmitter activity in these systems. Approximately 8. 0 of those who use these stimulants see improvements in ADHD symptoms. Children with ADHD who use stimulant medications generally have better relationships with peers and family members, perform better in school, are less distractible and impulsive, and have longer attention spans. The Cochrane Collaborations reviewsnote 6 on the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults with pharmaceutical amphetamines stated that while these drugs improve short term symptoms, they have higher discontinuation rates than non stimulant medications due to their adverse side effects. A Cochrane Collaboration review on the treatment of ADHD in children with tic disorders such as Tourette syndrome indicated that stimulants in general do not make tics worse, but high doses of dextroamphetamine could exacerbate tics in some individuals. Enhancing performance. Cognitive. In 2. 01. D1 and adrenoceptor 2 in the prefrontal cortex. A systematic review from 2. Therapeutic doses of amphetamine also enhance cortical network efficiency, an effect which mediates improvements in working memory in all individuals. La. Var Ball Throws Hissy Fit, Gets Female Referee Replaced Mid Game. The La. Var Ball circus continued yesterday, this time with some not so thinly veiled misogyny taking a spot in the center ring. Ball received a technical foul from a female referee for arguing with her over a call, and then immediately began to pull his team off the floor, threatening to forfeit unless the referee was replaced. The game was stopped for several minutes while Ball threw his fit, and eventually the referee who gave him the technical was removed from the game by Adidas, which was sponsoring the event. Ball spoke about the incident after the game, telling reporters that the referee needed to stay in her lane while insulting both her basketball knowledge and physical fitness La. Var Ball is an asshole, and the Adidas rep who decided to remove the ref from the game is a coward.