Amos Tutuola The Palm Wine Drinkard Pdf To Word' title='Amos Tutuola The Palm Wine Drinkard Pdf To Word' />Palm wine Wikipedia. Bottles and a glass of palm wine. Palm wine is an alcoholic beverage created from the sap of various species of palm tree such as the palmyra, date palms, and coconut palms. It is known by various names in different regions and is common in various parts of Asia, Africa the Caribbean and South America. Palm wine production by small holders and individual farmers may promote conservation as palm trees become a source of regular household income that may economically be worth more than the value of timber sold. Palm wine is known as matango, mbuh, tumbu liquor, white stuff in Cameroon emu, nkwu, oguro in Nigeria poyo in Sierra Leone, nsamba in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Manjenvo in Cabinda Angola nsafufuo in Ghana 4kallu in South India Taadi in North India ,Htan Yay in Myanmar tuak in Indonesia and Malaysia mnazi in the Mijikenda language of Kenya bahar Kadazan Dusun and goribon Rungus in Sabah, Borneo vino de coyol in Central America and tub in the Philippines and Mexico as well as in Borneo. In the Philippines, tub and Kallu in Tamil and Malayalam refers both to the freshly harvested, sweetish cloudy white sap and the one with the red lauan tree tan bark colorant. In Leyte, the red tub is aged with the tan bark for up to six months to two years, until it gets dark red and tapping its glass container gives a sound that does not suddenly stop. This type of tub is called bahal for tub aged this way for up to six months and bahalina for tub aged thus for up to a year or more. Amos Tutuola The Palm Wine Drinkard Pdf ReaderAmos Tutuola 20 June 1920 8 June 1997 was a Nigerian writer who wrote books based in part on Yoruba folktales. Die afrikanische Literatur umfasst Literatur in verschiedenen Sprachen europischen und afrikanischen mit verschiedenen Stilen und Themen sowie historischen. Toddy is also consumed in Sri Lanka and Myanmar, where in Sri Lanka it is known as thal ra, kithul ra, or pol ra according to the plant used to make toddy. Situs Download Game Android Selain Play Store. TappingeditThe sap is extracted and collected by a tapper. Typically the sap is collected from the cut flower of the palm tree. A container is fastened to the flower stump to collect the sap. The white liquid that initially collects tends to be very sweet and non alcoholic before it is fermented. An alternative method is the felling of the entire tree. Where this is practiced, a fire is sometimes lit at the cut end to facilitate the collection of sap. Palm sap begins fermenting immediately after collection, due to natural yeasts in the air often spurred by residual yeast left in the collecting container. Within two hours, fermentation yields an aromatic wine of up to 4 alcohol content, mildly intoxicating and sweet. The wine may be allowed to ferment longer, up to a day, to yield a stronger, more sour and acidic taste, which some people prefer. Longer fermentation produces vinegar instead of stronger wine. DistillededitPalm wine may be distilled to create a stronger drink, which goes by different names depending on the region e. Throughout Nigeria, this is commonly called ogogoro. In some parts in Cameroon it is known as Afofo. In parts of southern Ghana distilled palm wine is called akpeteshi or burukutu. In Togo and Benin it is called sodabe, in the Philippines it is called lambanog, while in Tunisia it is called lagmi. In coastal parts of Kenya, it is known as changaa. Changaa can be applied to wounds to stop heavy bleeding mechanism of action not known. In Ivory Coast, it is called koutoukou. Consumption by regioneditIn Africa, the sap used to create palm wine is most often taken from wild datepalms such as the silver date palm Phoenix sylvestris, the palmyra, and the jaggery palm Caryota urens, or from oil palm such as the African Oil Palm Elaeis guineense or from Raffia palms, kithul palms, or nipa palms. In part of central and western Democratic Republic of the Congo, palm wine is called malafu. Palm wine tapping is mentioned in the novel Things Fall Apart by the Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe and is central to the plot of the novel The Palm Wine Drinkard by Nigerian author Amos Tutuola. Palm wine plays an important role in many ceremonies in parts of Nigeria such as among the Igbo or Ibo peoples, and elsewhere in central and western Africa. Guests at weddings, birth celebrations, and funeral wakes are served generous quantities. Palm wine is often infused with medicinal herbs to remedy a wide variety of physical complaints. As a token of respect to deceased ancestors, many drinking sessions begin with a small amount of palm wine spilled on the ground Kulosa malafu in Kikongo ya Leta. Palm wine is enjoyed by men and women, although women usually drink it in less public venues. In parts of southeastern Nigeria, namely Igboland, palm wine is locally referred to as mmanya ocha literally, white drink, with ngwo and nkwu variants. It plays a very important role in traditional Igbo settings. In Urualla, for instance, and other ideator towns, it is the drink of choice for traditional weddings. A young man who is going for the first introduction at his in laws house is required to bring palm wine with him. There are varying gallons of palm wine required, depending on the customs of the different regions in Igboland. This culture can be observed in a similar fashion in the neighbouring north western regions of Cameroon. North West Region. There are four types of palm wine in the central and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo. From the oil palm comes ngasi, dibondo comes from the raffia palm, cocoti from the coconut palm, and mahusu from a short palm which grows in the savannah areas of western Bandundu and Kasai provinces. Toddy drawer in India, 1. In India and South Asia, coconut palms and Palmyra palms such as the Arecaceae and Borassus are preferred. It is mainly produced from the lala palm Hyphaene coriacea by cutting the stem and collecting the sap. In some areas of India, palm wine is evaporated to produce the unrefined sugar called jaggery. In parts of India, the unfermented sap is called neera padaneer in Tamil Nadu and is refrigerated, stored and distributed by semi government agencies. A little lime is added to the sap to prevent it from fermenting. Neera is said to contain many nutrients including potashcitation needed. In India, palm wine or toddy is served as either neera or padaneer a sweet, non alcoholic beverage derived from fresh sap or kallu a sour beverage made from fermented sap, but not as strong as wine. Kallu is usually drunk soon after fermentation by the end of day, as it becomes more sour and acidic day by day. The drink, like vinegar in taste, is considered to have a short shelf life. However, it may be refrigerated to extend its life. Spices are added in order to brew the drink and give it its distinct taste. In India, palm wine is usually available at toddy shops known as Kallu Kadai in Tamil, Kalitha Gadang in Tulu, Kallu Dukanam in Telugu, Kallu Angadi in Kannada or Liquor Shop in English. In Tamil Nadu, this beverage is currently banned, though the legality fluctuates with politics. In the absence of legal toddy, moonshine distillers of arrack often sell methanol contaminated alcohol, which can have lethal consequences. To discourage this practice, authorities have pushed for inexpensive Indian Made Foreign Liquor IMFL, much to the dismay of toddy tappers. A toddy tapper belonging to Goundla caste in the state of Telangana selling toddy under the palm trees. In states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh India, toddy is a popular drink in rural parts.